income quality
Income Quality on US Stocks: The Cash Flow Ratio That Still Works After 30 Years
We tested the Sloan accrual anomaly on US stocks from 2000 to 2025. Companies generating 20%+ more cash than reported profit returned 8.5% annually vs 3.74% for accrual-heavy stocks. The 4.76% annual spread has survived 30 years of academic scrutiny.